Small islands face outsized climate impacts and require US$12 billion a year in climate finance to cope

Rotterdam, Oct. 07, 2025 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) — The Global Center on Adaptation (GCA) today launched State and Trends in Adaptation 2025: Small Island Developing States (SIDS), the most comprehensive assessment to date of climate risks, macro–economic impacts and practical solutions for the world’s 39 island economies. The report shows that, without accelerated adaptation, cumulative climate damages across SIDS could reach as high as US$476 billion by 2050—equivalent to several years of national output in some countries—yet current international public adaptation finance to SIDS averages just over US$2 billion a year, or 0.2% of global climate finance. GCA calls for a step–change to at least US$12 billion annually, a level SIDS themselves identify in their National Adaptation Plans (NAPs) and Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), noting this represents only around 1.2% of global climate finance and about 4% of global Overseas Development Assistance (ODA). 

The report distils practical, scalable lessons from Africa’s adaptation experience that other SIDS and coastal nations worldwide can adapt and adopt—drawing on work with African small island states and the African Adaptation Acceleration Program (AAAP).

Launching the report, H.E. Hilda Heine, President of the Republic of the Marshall Islands, said: “We face rising seas, threats to food and water security, and we are running out of time. Adaptation remains our most urgent priority. It is our first line of defence. Today, I am therefore honored to join you to launch the new GCA State and Trends in Adaptation Report on Small Island Developing States. Its findings are sobering.” She added: “What SIDS actually need is modest, particularly when you compare it to the cost of inaction. Still, we make up just a fraction of global flows. The barriers are clear. Climate finance mechanisms were not designed with SIDS in mind. Long processes, eligibility rules, and risk standards
exclude us. We are left locked out of the very support we most need. But the report also brings hope: Adaptation in SIDS is highly cost–effective.”

Macky Sall, 4th President of Senegal and Honorary Chair of the Global Center on Adaptation, said: “Small island nations, whether in Africa, Asia–Pacific or the Caribbean, have done nothing to cause climate change but face far outsized impacts. This report is a call to conscience and to common sense. SIDS need roughly US$12 billion a year to adapt the growing impacts of climate change —financing that is achievable if we match ambition with solidarity. Shifting from loans to grants, widening access to concessional windows, and deploying innovative instruments like debt–for–resilience swaps and blue and green bonds can turn vulnerability into resilience and growth.”

The analysis confirms adaptation is a high–return investment. Across modeled economies, each dollar invested can yield up to US$6.50 in avoided damages and new growth, with feasible investment programs cutting climate damages by more than half by mid–century. Benefits are particularly strong for distributed clean energy, resilient transport links, climate–smart agriculture and water–system efficiency, all of which reduce economic losses, lower import bills and improve health and productivity.

Professor Patrick V. Verkooijen, President and CEO of the Global Center on Adaptation, said: “Small islands should be a first line of defense against the climate crisis, not a point of failure. Adaptation is the best value proposition in climate action today. The numbers are unequivocal: invest now and unlock resilience dividends in every sector—energy systems that keep the lights on after cyclones, ports and roads that remain open for trade, water networks that waste less and serve more, and food systems that withstand heat and drought. This report provides a practical roadmap for SIDS and for partners ready to finance solutions at speed and scale. It is also a call to scale up support for this highly vulnerable group of nations that is nevertheless prepared to act.”

The report finds 44% of public international adaptation finance to SIDS arrives as debt, exacerbating already strained balance sheets; nearly two–thirds of tracked flows originate from multilateral development finance institutions, while grants from bilateral donors and climate funds remain far below potential. Funding is highly concentrated too: just ten SIDS receive 67% of tracked adaptation finance, with no significant correlation to climate vulnerability. GCA urges a re–balancing toward grant–based, vulnerability–aware allocations and faster, simpler access.

In a joint statement, Jamal Saghir and Ede Ijjasz–Vásquez, Co–Directors of the Report, said: “The SIDS finance gap is small in global terms but existential for island economies. The priorities are clear: close the grant deficit; mainstream adaptation into national budgets; scale de–risking and blended finance to crowd in private capital; and relieve debt burdens through instruments that exchange fiscal space for resilience outcomes. With these steps, SIDS can convert risk into investment and opportunity.”

Beyond finance, the report sets out a concrete agenda to hard–wire resilience into the blue and real economies. Tourism and fisheries—cornerstones of SIDS prosperity—are threatened by coastal erosion, coral bleaching and extreme weather. Nature–based solutions such as mangrove and reef restoration protect shorelines, cut disaster losses and support livelihoods, with geospatial “opportunity scans” in Fiji alone identifying tens of thousands of hectares where restoration could reduce flood damage by over US$47 million annually by 2050, delivering benefits more than five times costs.

Systems that save lives and safeguard growth must also be scaled. Only 39% of SIDS report multi–hazard early–warning systems, and basic weather and climate observations remain critically under–resourced—less than 10% of required surface observations are shared globally. The report highlights the UN’s Early Warnings for All initiative and the Systematic Observations Financing Facility as immediate pathways to close these gaps and strengthen climate services across agriculture, water, health and disaster management.

Governance readiness is advancing but uneven. All SIDS have submitted NDCs and around 60% now have a “good or better” enabling environment for adaptation investments, yet many have not fully costed sectoral needs, and monitoring and evaluation systems remain under–developed. The report urges a “community–to–cabinet” approach that elevates local knowledge, strengthens institutions and integrates adaptation across transport, energy, water and food systems.


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HAKAİNDE HICHILEMA, PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF ZAMBIA, JOINS GCA ADVISORY BOARD

Lusaka, Zambia & Rotterdam, the Netherlands, Sept. 05, 2025 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) — The Global Center on Adaptation (GCA) has welcomed Hakainde Hichilema, President of the Republic of Zambia, to its Advisory Board. In this role, President Hichilema will lend his deep expertise in governance, sustainable development, food security and climate resilience to guide GCA’s strategic priorities across Africa and beyond.

President Hichilema brings to the GCA Advisory Board a proven track record of economic reform, poverty reduction, and championing climate–smart agriculture in Zambia. His leadership has prioritized renewable energy deployment, watershed management, and inclusive policy frameworks that build resilience at the grassroots level.

“Climate change poses an existential threat to our nations, especially in Africa, where communities are on the front lines of both drought and flood,” said President Hakainde Hichilema. “I am proud to join the Global Center on Adaptation’s Advisory Board at this pivotal moment. Together, we will work to mobilize the innovation, finance, and political will needed to scale resilience solutions—so that no community is left behind in the face of a changing climate.”

His Excellency Macky Sall, Chair of the Global Center on Adaptation and Fourth President of Senegal, added: “President Hichilema’s appointment strengthens GCA’s leadership at a time when Africa is both most exposed to climate risks and most determined to lead on adaptation. His voice will bring critical perspective and momentum as we work to accelerate progress on the Africa Adaptation Acceleration Program and build bridges between nations, institutions, and sectors to deliver real resilience on the ground.”

Professor Patrick V. Verkooijen, President and CEO of the Global Center on Adaptation, welcomed the appointment: “We are delighted that President Hichilema has agreed to join our Advisory Board. His dedication to sustainable growth and his hands–on experience in mobilizing climate adaptation strategies in Zambia will be invaluable as GCA expands its work to support vulnerable communities worldwide. His insights will help shape our efforts to drive action–oriented solutions—bridging policy, finance, and innovation—to build a more resilient future for all.”


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Guinea-Bissau President Embaló Joins GCA Advisory Board to Strengthen Climate Adaptation

Rotterdam, Netherlands / Bissau, Guinea–Bissau, Sept. 04, 2025 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) — The Global Center on Adaptation (GCA) is pleased to welcome His Excellency Umaro Sissoco Embaló, President of the Republic of Guinea–Bissau, to its Advisory Board. President Embaló joins an eminent group of leaders, experts, and changemakers committed to advancing climate resilience and adaptation solutions worldwide.

“As communities from the Bijagós Archipelago to the Sahel face rising climate risks, President Embaló brings invaluable experience and resolve. His service will help the GCA deepen partnerships, accelerate adaptation finance, and deliver protection for those on the front lines,” said H.E. Ban Ki–moon, Honorary Chair of the Global Center on Adaptation and 8th Secretary–General of the United Nations.

“I warmly welcome President Embaló to our Advisory Board. West Africa is already confronting coastal erosion, saltwater intrusion, and climate shocks. His practical leadership will strengthen our work to scale solutions across the region and crowd in the investment needed for resilient growth,” said H.E. Macky Sall, Chair of the Board of the Global Center on Adaptation and 4thPresident of Senegal.

“As we confront the escalating impacts of climate change, it is imperative that nations work together to secure a sustainable future,” said Professor Patrick Verkooijen, President and CEO of GCA. “President Embaló’s visionary leadership and deep understanding of the vulnerabilities facing small and low–lying states will be invaluable as we drive forward our mission to deliver transformative adaptation solutions.”

Guinea–Bissau, one of the world’s most climate–vulnerable countries, has seen rising sea levels, increasingly erratic rainfall, and coastal erosion threaten communities, ecosystems, and food security. Under President Embaló’s guidance, the nation has launched ambitious initiatives to strengthen coastal defenses, promote climate–smart agriculture and build community–level resilience.

Expressing his commitment to the GCA’s work, President Umaro Sissoco Embaló stated: “I am deeply honored to join the GCA Advisory Board at this critical moment for our planet. Guinea–Bissau’s people have shown extraordinary resilience in the face of floods, droughts, and erosion. By working alongside GCA’s global network, we will accelerate efforts to safeguard vulnerable communities, harness innovative adaptation finance, and ensure that no one is left behind in our collective pursuit of climate security.”

As an Advisory Board member, President Embaló will counsel GCA on strategic priorities in West Africa, help foster public–private partnerships, and advocate for inclusive adaptation policies at regional and international forums.


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The Global Center on Adaptation Announces Senior Appointments

Rotterdam, July 01, 2025 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) — The Global Center on Adaptation (GCA) today announces four strategic senior appointments, reinforcing its leadership team as it scales its global adaptation agenda. His Excellency Macky Sall, Chair of GCA’s Supervisory Board, and Professor Patrick V. Verkooijen, GCA President and CEO, welcome:

  • Matthew McKinnon, Vice President, External Affairs and Policy
    Leads GCA’s policy, advocacy, external relations and partnership activities.
  • Edward Mharadzira, Vice President, Finance and Operations
    Oversees administration, finance, operations and donor compliance.
  • Dr. Purvi Mehta, Senior Advisor, Partnerships (AAAP)
    Shapes the transition of the Africa Adaptation Acceleration Program into its second phase (2026–2030).
  • Kristina Tanso, Development Director
    Heads institutional fundraising and strategic resourcing to ensure GCA’s sustainable growth.

“These appointments reflect GCA’s growing role on the world stage,” said H.E. Macky Sall. “I warmly welcome this strengthened leadership team, which brings the experience, diversity and vision needed to accelerate adaptation where efforts where they are needed most.”

“As we scale our impact and deepen partnerships, this expanded leadership brings vital expertise to advance GCA’s mission,” added Professor Verkooijen. “I look forward to working closely with our new colleagues to drive innovation, scale finance and impact in adaptation worldwide.”

Senior Leadership Profiles

Matthew McKinnon (New Zealand)
Matthew McKinnon brings over 20 years of international experience including at the United Nations (UNDP, UNICEF, UN Secretariat) and as advisor to 7th UN Secretary–General Kofi Annan (2007–2010). He served as founding head of the secretariat of the Climate Vulnerable Forum and V20 (2010–2023) leading its successful spearheading of calls to enshrine a 1.5°C goal in the Paris Agreement, and advising government delegations from Africa, Asia, America and the Pacific in the UN climate negotiations. He has also edited several global assessments on the impact of climate change and chairs the Advisory Board of MSC Foundation.

Edward Mharadzira (Zimbabwe)
Edward Mharadzirwa brings an extensive background in financial management and deep knowledge of GCA work, backed by over 18 years of senior experience in global development organizations, both in the field and at headquarters. With a strong foundation in leading financial strategy, internal controls, risk mitigation, and donor compliance, Edward Mharadzirwa has played a key role in strengthening financial governance at GCA through his prior role as Senior Director of Finance and Operations.

Dr. Purvi Mehta (India)
Purvi Mehta joins the GCA as a senior advisor with over 27 years of experience in agriculture, climate adaptation, and development partnerships across Asia and Africa. She previously served as Senior Advisor and Asia Director at the Gates Foundation, leading global initiatives in climate adaptation and scaling innovation and as a regional program coordinator at CGIAR. She is also Adjunct Professor at Cornell University and serves on a number of global boards and advisory panels including the World Food Prize, MIT’s JWAS Global Climate and Food Alliance and Advanta.

Kristina Tanso (United Kingdom)
Ms. Tanso joins GCA from the University of Oxford Medical Sciences Division, where she has served as Senior Development Advisor for Pediatrics and Rare Diseases, expanding the Department's private and public philanthropic portfolio internationally. With over 12 years of experience leading strategic development activities for organizations including the Nature Conservancy, Teach for All and Room to Read, she is also Adjunct Professor on Development at the University of Hong Kong.


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President of Ghana Joins Board of Global Center on Adaptation

Rotterdam/Nairobi, June 10, 2025 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) — The Global Center on Adaptation (GCA) today announced that His Excellency John Dramani Mahama, President of the Republic of Ghana, has joined its Board. He joins a distinguished group of global leaders – including Mia Amor Mottley, Prime Minister of Barbados; Samia Suluhu Hassan, President of Tanzania; William Samoei Ruto, President of Kenya and Hilda Heine, President of the Marshall Islands – committed to advancing climate adaptation as an urgent development and economic priority.

President Mahama’s appointment comes as GCA deepens its work across Africa through its flagship Africa Adaptation Acceleration Program, which has shaped over $15 billion in adaptation investments in 40 countries. With the opening of its new headquarters in Nairobi this year, GCA continues to scale up local action in agriculture, resilient infrastructure, youth entrepreneurship, and climate finance. As the world transitions from ambition to implementation, GCA Board members like President Mahama will be central in ensuring adaptation is treated not as a cost, but as an engine of growth, equity, and resilience.

Accepting his appointment, President John Dramani Mahama of Ghana stated: “ “I am deeply honoured to accept my appointment to the Board of the Global Centre on Adaptation today. Climate change is not a distant threat; it is an urgent crisis that is already undermining Africa’s development and jeopardising our collective future. As I join this esteemed institution, I will amplify the voices of African leaders and communities demanding greater investment in climate adaptation. The world must recognise that adaptation is not a choice but a necessity for our continent, which bears the brunt of climate impacts while contributing the least to its causes. To our development partners: Africa’s adaptation ambitions require your steadfast support. We call for increased financing, technology transfer, and collaborative action to build resilience across our vulnerable nations. The time for pledges has passed; the time for delivery is now. Together, we can safeguard Africa's future and ensure that climate justice becomes a cornerstone of global solidarity.” 

Commenting on the announcement, Macky Sall, Chair of the Global Center on Adaptation and Fourth President of Senegal said: “President Mahama’s return to leadership comes at a critical moment for Africa and the world. His deep experience, unwavering commitment to sustainable development, and proven ability to deliver impact on the ground will be a major asset to the GCA Board. Together, we will work to elevate adaptation as an economic and moral imperative, ensuring that Africa’s leadership lights the path toward a more resilient future for all.”

Professor Patrick V. Verkooijen, President and CEO of GCA, added: “President Mahama exemplifies how bold political leadership and integrated national strategies can accelerate climate adaptation. His holistic approach—combining finance innovation, agricultural resilience, youth engagement, and governance reform—will elevate our Board’s ability to translate global ambition into local impact, especially in Africa.”

With President Mahama’s leadership and the backing of other sitting and former heads of state on its Board, GCA is climate–proofing development across Africa and beyond—anchored by its new presence in Nairobi and a growing global mandate for action.


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